Ubumenyi rusange bwicyuma

Ubumenyi rusange bwicyuma

Ibyuma ni ijambo rusange kubijyanye na fer-karubone ivanze na karubone hagati ya 0.02% na 2.11%.Kurenga 2,11% ni icyuma.

Ibigize imiti yicyuma birashobora gutandukana cyane.Icyuma kirimo karubone gusa cyitwa ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bisanzwe.Muburyo bwo gushonga ibyuma, chromium, nikel, manganese, silikoni, titanium, molybdenum nibindi bintu bivanze nabyo birashobora kongerwamo imbaraga kugirango biteze imbere ibyuma.

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nicyuma gifite ibintu nyamukuru biranga ingese no kurwanya ruswa, kandi chromium nibura 10.5%, naho karubone ntabwo irenga 1.2%.

   1. Ibyuma bidafite ingese ntibizaba ingese?

Iyo hari ibibara byijimye (ibibara) hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda, abantu baratangara.Batekereza ko ibyuma bitagira umwanda bitazabora.Ingese ntabwo ari ibyuma.Birashobora guterwa nikibazo cyubwiza bwibyuma.Mubyukuri, ibi nibitekerezo byuruhande rumwe muburyo bwo kutumva ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Ibyuma bidafite ingese bizangirika mubihe bimwe.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya okiside yo mu kirere - kurwanya ingese, kandi ifite n'ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa mu buryo burimo aside, alkali n'umunyu, ni ukuvuga kurwanya ruswa.Nyamara, kurwanya kwangirika kwayo biratandukanye nuburyo bwa shimi, imiterere ya leta, imiterere ya serivise nubwoko bwitangazamakuru ryibidukikije.Kurugero, ibikoresho 304 bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa rwose mukirere cyumye kandi gisukuye, ariko iyo cyimuriwe mukarere ka nyanja, kizahita kibora mu gihu cyinyanja kirimo umunyu mwinshi.Kubwibyo, ntabwo ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwicyuma bushobora kurwanya ingese igihe cyose.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ni binini cyane, bikomeye kandi byiza bya firime ya chromium ikungahaye kuri okiside (firime ikingira) byakozwe hejuru yacyo kugirango irinde atome ya ogisijeni gukomeza kwinjira no okiside, bityo ikabona ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa.Rimwe kubera impamvu runaka, firime ihora yangiritse, atome ya ogisijeni yo mu kirere cyangwa mu mazi izakomeza kwinjira cyangwa atome y'icyuma mu cyuma izakomeza gutandukana, ikora oxyde ya fer irekuye, kandi hejuru y’icyuma nayo izahora yangirika.

2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma butagira umwanda butoroshye kubora?

Hariho ibintu bitatu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumyuma.

1) Ibirimo ibintu bivangavanze

Muri rusange, ibyuma birimo 10.5% bya chromium ntabwo byoroshye kubora.Iyo hejuru ya chromium na nikel, niko birwanya ruswa.Kurugero, ibikubiye muri nikel 304 yibikoresho ni 8% ~ 10%, naho chromium ni 18% ~ 20%.Ibyuma nkibi bidafite ingese ntibishobora kubora mubihe bisanzwe.

2) Gushonga uburyo bwo gukora inganda

Uburyo bwo gushonga uruganda rutanga umusaruro nabyo bizagira ingaruka kubirwanya kwangirika kwicyuma.Inganda nini zidafite ibyuma zifite tekinoroji nziza yo gushonga, ibikoresho bigezweho hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho birashobora kwizezwa mubijyanye no kugenzura ibintu bivangavanze, kuvanaho umwanda, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha.Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burahamye kandi bwizewe, ubwiza bwimbere nibyiza, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubora.Ibinyuranye, ibihingwa bito bito bisubira inyuma mubikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga.Mugihe cyo gushonga, umwanda ntushobora kuvaho, nibicuruzwa byakozwe byanze bikunze byangirika.

3) Ibidukikije

Ibidukikije bifite ikirere cyumuyaga no guhumeka neza ntabwo byoroshye kubora.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ahantu hafite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwikirere, ibihe by'imvura bikomeza, cyangwa acide nyinshi hamwe na alkaline mu kirere bikunda kubora.304 ibyuma bidafite ingese bizangirika niba ibidukikije bikennye cyane.

 3. Nigute ushobora guhangana n'ahantu hafite ingese ku byuma bitagira umwanda?

1) Uburyo bwa shimi

Koresha paste yoza aside cyangwa spray kugirango ufashe ibice byangiritse kugirango byongere guhumeka kugirango ukore firime ya chromium oxyde kugirango ugarure ruswa.Nyuma yo guhanagura aside, kugirango ukureho umwanda wose hamwe n’ibisigisigi bya aside, ni ngombwa cyane koza neza n'amazi meza.Nyuma yo kuvurwa byose, ongera usige ibikoresho byo gusya hanyuma ushireho ibishashara.Kubice bifite ibibara bito, 1: 1 lisansi hamwe na moteri ivanze na moteri irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhanagura ibibabi hamwe nigitambara gisukuye.

2) Uburyo bwa mashini

Gusukura guturika, kurasa guturika ukoresheje ibirahuri cyangwa ceramic, kurimbura, gukaraba no gusya.Birashoboka guhanagura umwanda uterwa nibikoresho byakuweho mbere, ibikoresho byoza cyangwa ibikoresho byangiritse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini.Ubwoko bwose bwanduye, cyane cyane ibyuma byamahanga, birashobora kuba intandaro yo kwangirika, cyane cyane mubidukikije.Kubwibyo, isuku yubukanishi igomba gusukurwa muburyo bwumutse.Gukoresha uburyo bwa mashini birashobora kweza gusa ubuso bwayo kandi ntibishobora guhindura ruswa yibintu ubwabyo.Kubwibyo, birasabwa kongera gusya hamwe nibikoresho byo gusya nyuma yo koza imashini, hanyuma ugafunga ibishashara.

4. Ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gucirwa urubanza na magnet?

Abantu benshi bajya kugura ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese bakazana na magneti nto.Iyo barebye ibicuruzwa, batekereza ko ibyuma byiza bidafite ingese aribyo bidashobora kwinjizwa.Hatabayeho magnetisme, ntihazabaho ingese.Mubyukuri, ibi ni imyumvire itari yo.

Umuyoboro udafite magnetiki udafite ibyuma bigenwa nuburyo.Mugihe cyo gukomera kwicyuma gishongeshejwe, bitewe nubushyuhe butandukanye bwo gukomera, bizakora ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imiterere itandukanye nka "ferrite", "austenite" na "martensite", muribyo "ferrite" na "martensite" ibyuma bitagira umwanda ni magnetique. .Ibyuma bya "austenitis" bidafite ibyuma bifite imiterere yuzuye yubukanishi no gusudira, ariko ibyuma bya "ferritic" bitagira umuyonga hamwe na magnetisme birakomeye kuruta ibyuma bya "austenitis" bitagira umuyonga gusa muburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa.

Kugeza ubu, ibyo bita serie 200 hamwe na 300 serie idafite ibyuma bifite manganese nyinshi hamwe na nikel nkeya ku isoko nabyo ntibifite magnetisme, ariko imikorere yabo iri kure ya 304 ifite nikel nyinshi.Ibinyuranye na byo, 304 izaba ifite micro-magnetisme nyuma yo kurambura, gufatira hamwe, gusiga, gukina hamwe nibindi bikorwa.Kubwibyo, ni ukutumva kandi siyansi gucira urubanza ibyiza nibibi byuma bitagira umuyonga ukoresheje ibyuma bitagira umuyonga nta magnetisme.

5. Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane?

201: Manganese ikoreshwa mu mwanya wa nikel idafite ibyuma, ifite aside irwanya alkali, ubucucike bwinshi, polishinge kandi nta bubyimba.Irakoreshwa mukureba imanza, imiyoboro ishushanya, imiyoboro yinganda nibindi bicuruzwa bidashushanyije.

202: Nibya nikel nkeya hamwe na manganese ndende idafite ibyuma, hamwe na nikel na manganese bigera kuri 8%.Mugihe cyangirika cyangirika, irashobora gusimbuza 304, hamwe nigiciro kinini.Ikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya inyubako, kurinda umuhanda, ubwubatsi bwa komini, gufata ibirahuri, ibikoresho byumuhanda, nibindi.

304.

304L: karubone nkeya 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bikoreshwa mubice byibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kwangirika no guhinduka.

316: Hiyongereyeho Mo, ifite ubukana buhebuje bwo kurwanya ruswa kandi ikoreshwa mubikoresho byamazi yo mu nyanja, chimie, inganda zibiribwa no gukora impapuro.

321: Ifite ubushyuhe buhanitse bwo guhagarika imikorere no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

430: Umunaniro urwanya ubushyuhe, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni ntoya kuruta iya austenite, kandi ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo murugo no gushushanya.

410: Ifite ubukana bwinshi, ubukana, kurwanya ruswa nziza, ubwinshi bwumuriro, coefficient ntoya yo kwaguka, hamwe no kurwanya okiside nziza.Ikoreshwa mu gukora ikirere, imyuka y'amazi, amazi hamwe na aside irike ibice byangirika.

Ibikurikira nimbonerahamwe yibirimo "alloy element" yibyiciro bitandukanye byicyuma gisanzwe cyicyuma gisanzwe gusa: